1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism Apa1 Influence Bone Mineral Density in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

OBJECTIVE Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D are the most important hormones regulating calcium metabolism. In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) excessive amounts of PTH are produced. Bone turnover is enhanced, leading to reduced bone mineral density and elevated levels of serum calcium. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) and bone mineral density, as well as known genetic polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and enzymes metabolising vitamin D in patients with PHPT. DESIGN/SUBJECTS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 52 patients with PHPT. RESULTS Mean level of 25(OH)D was 58.2 nmol/L and median 1,25(OH)(2)D level was 157 pmol/L. Among our patients with PHPT 36.5% had 25(OH)D levels below 50 nmol/L. Serum 1,25(OH)(2)D was inversely correlated to bone mineral density in distal radius (p = 0.002), but not to bone mineral density at lumbar spine or femoral neck. The vitamin D receptor polymorphism Apa1 (rs7975232) was associated with bone mineral density in the lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PHPT patients with high blood concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D may have the most deleterious skeletal effects. Randomized, prospective studies are necessary to elucidate whether vitamin D supplementation additionally increases serum 1,25(OH)(2)D and possibly enhances the adverse effects on the skeleton in patients with PHPT.